Skip to main content Skip to main navigation
Smithsonian logo Smithsonian main website
  • Living traditions of, by, and for the people
  • Folklife
  • Folkways
  • Festival
Festival Logo Festival Logo Festival Logo
Festival Logo Festival Logo Festival Logo
  • 2026
    • Of the People
    • By the People
    • For the People
    • Spotlight Programs
    • For the Common Good
  • Visit
    • General Information
    • Festival 101
    • Map
    • Marketplace
    • Accessibility
    • FAQ
  • Learn
    • Festival Blog
    • Podcast
    • Festival Video
    • Storied Objects
    • Past Programs
  • Schedule
    • Event Calendar
    • D.C. Schedule
    • Livestream Events
    • Archived Events
  • Sponsors
    • Event Sponsors
    • Make a Donation
  • About Us
    • Mission & History
    • Staff
    • Press
    • Contact
    • Mailing List
    • Jobs & Internships
    • Volunteer
Browse By
  • Theme
    • Art & Design
    • Building Arts
    • By Our Interns
    • Celebrations
    • Community
    • Crafts
    • Cultural Sustainability
    • Cultural Transmission
    • Dance
    • Dress
    • Education
    • Environment
    • Folklife Resources
    • Foodways
    • Future Programs
    • History
    • Immigration & Migration
    • Indigenous Peoples
    • Language
    • Marketplace
    • Music
    • Poetry
    • Religion & Spirituality
    • Social Justice
    • Sponsor Highlight
    • Sports & Games
    • Storytelling
    • Traditional Knowledge
    • Tribute
    • Work Life
  • Year/Program
    • 2010s
      • 2018
        • Armenia
        • Catalonia
        • Crafts of African Fashion
        • On the Move
        • Sisterfire
      • 2017
        • 50th Anniversary
        • Circus Arts
        • Festival at 50
        • IlluminAsia
        • On the Move
      • 2016
        • Basque
        • On the Move
        • Sounds of California
        • Special Events (2016)
      • 2015
        • Peru
        • Special Events (2015)
      • 2014
        • China
        • Kenya
        • Special Events (2014)
      • 2013
        • Hungarian Heritage
        • One World, Many Voices
        • Special Events (2013)
        • The Will to Adorn
      • 2012
        • Campus and Community
        • Citified
        • Creativity and Crisis
        • Special Events (2012)
      • 2011
        • Colombia
        • Peace Corps
        • Rhythm and Blues
        • Special Events (2011)
      • 2010
        • Asian Pacific Americans
        • México
        • Smithsonian Inside Out
        • Special Events (2010)
    • 2000s
      • 2009
        • Giving Voice
        • Las Américas
        • Special Events (2009)
        • Wales Smithsonian Cymru
      • 2008
        • Bhutan: Land of the Thunder Dragon
        • NASA: Fifty Years and Beyond
        • Special Events (2008)
        • Texas: A Celebration of Music, Food, and Wine
      • 2007
        • Mekong River: Connecting Cultures
        • Northern Ireland at the Smithsonian
        • Roots of Virginia Culture: The Past is Present
        • Special Events (2007)
      • 2006
        • Alberta at the Smithsonian
        • Carriers of Culture: Living Native Basket Traditions
        • Nuestra Música: Latino Chicago
        • Special Events (2006)
      • 2005
        • Food Culture USA
        • Forest Service, Culture, and Community
        • Nuestra Música: Music in Latino Culture (2005)
        • Oman: Desert, Oasis, and Sea
        • Special Events (2005)
      • 2004
        • Haiti: Freedom and Creativity from the Mountains to the Sea
        • Nuestra Música: Music in Latino Culture (2004)
        • Special Events (2004)
        • Water Ways
      • 2003
        • Appalachia: Heritage and Harmony
        • Mali: From Timbuktu to Washington
        • Scotland at the Smithsonian
        • Special Events (2003)
      • 2002
        • The Silk Road
      • 2001
        • Bermuda Connections
        • Masters of the Building Arts
        • New York City at the Smithsonian
        • Special Events (2001)
      • 2000
        • El Río
        • Special Events (2000)
        • Tibetan Culture Beyond the Land of Snows
        • Washington, D.C.: It's Our Home
    • 1990s
      • 1999
        • Celebrating New Hampshire's Stories
        • Gateways to Romania
        • South Africa: Crafting the Economic Renaissance of the Rainbow Nation
        • Special Events (1999)
      • 1998
        • Pahiyas: A Philippine Harvest
        • Special Events (1998)
        • The Baltic Nations: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
        • The Rio Grande/Río Bravo Basin
        • Wisconsin
      • 1997
        • African Immigrant Folklife
        • Sacred Sounds: Belief & Society
        • Special Events (1997)
        • The Mississippi Delta
      • 1996
        • Iowa - Community Style
        • Special Events (1996)
        • The American South
        • Working at the Smithsonian
      • 1995
        • Heartbeat: The Voices of First Nations Women
        • Russian Roots, American Branches: Music in Two Worlds
        • Special Events (1995)
        • The Cape Verdean Connection
        • The Czech Republic: Tradition and Transformation
      • 1994
        • Culture and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean
        • Masters of Traditional Arts: The National Endowment for the Arts National Heritage Fellows
        • Thailand: Household, Temple Fair & Court
        • The Commonwealth of The Bahamas
      • 1993
        • American Social Dance
        • Kids' Stuff
        • Metro Music
        • U.S.-Mexico Borderlands
      • 1992
        • Creativity and Resistance: Maroon Culture in the Americas
        • New Mexico
        • The Changing Soundscape in Indian Country
        • Workers at the White House
      • 1991
        • Family Farming in the Heartland
        • Forest, Field and Sea: Folklife in Indonesia
        • Land in Native American Cultures
        • Roots of Rhythm and Blues: The Robert Johnson Era
      • 1990
        • Musics of Struggle
        • Senegal
        • U.S. Virgin Islands
    • 1980s
      • 1989
        • American Indian Program
        • Cultural Conservation (1989)
        • Hawai'i
        • Les Fêtes Chez Nous: France and North America
        • The Caribbean: Cultural Encounters in the New World
      • 1988
        • American Folklore Society Centennial
        • Festival Music Stage
        • Ingenuity and Tradition: The Common Wealth of Massachusetts
        • Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home
        • Music from the Peoples of the Soviet Union
      • 1987
        • Cultural Conservation and Languages: America's Many Voices
        • Metropolitan Washington
        • Michigan
      • 1986
        • 20th Anniversary Music Stage
        • American Trial Lawyers
        • Cultural Conservation: Traditional Crafts in a Post-Industrial Age
        • Japan: Rice in Japanese Folk Culture
        • Tennessee
      • 1985
        • Cultural Conservation (1985)
        • Louisiana
        • Mela! An Indian Fair
        • Special Events (1985)
      • 1984
        • Alaska
        • Black Urban Expressive Culture from Philadelphia
        • The Grand Generation
      • 1983
        • Aviation Program
        • Festival Sampler
        • French/French-American Program
        • National Heritage Fellowships Program (1983)
        • New Jersey
      • 1982
        • Children's Program (1982)
        • Korea
        • National Heritage Fellowships Program (1982)
        • Oklahoma
      • 1981
        • A Celebration of the American Tent Show
        • Adobe Architecture
        • Arts Endowment Folk Arts Program
        • Children's Program (1981)
        • Folklore of the Deaf
        • Music and Crafts of the Southeastern United States
        • Northeastern Music and Dance
        • Ojibwa Culture
        • South Slavic Americans
      • 1980
        • American Talkers
        • Caribbean Americans
        • Community Activities and Food Preservation
        • Finnish Americans
        • Folk Housing and Energy Efficiency
        • Southeast Asian Americans
    • 1970s
      • 1979
        • Caribbean Carnival
        • Children's Area
        • Folklife in the Museum - Folk Medicine
        • Folklore in Your Community
        • Medicine Show
        • Native American Architecture
      • 1978
        • Chesapeake Bay Traditions
        • Children's Folklife
        • Coal Miners & Oil Workers
        • D.C. Folklore
        • Folklife in the Museum: A Nation of Nations (1978)
        • Folklife in the Museum: Renwick Gallery (1978)
        • Mexican & Mexican American Traditions
        • Other Programs (1978)
        • San Juan Pueblo Culture
      • 1977
        • African Diaspora Street Culture
        • America's Appetite (for Energy)
        • Folklife in the Museum: A Nation of Nations (1977)
        • Folklife in the Museum: Hall of Musical Instruments
        • Folklife in the Museum: Renwick Gallery (1977)
        • Native American Musical Styles
        • Other Programs (1977)
        • Virginia Folk Culture
      • 1976
        • African Diaspora (1976)
        • Children's Program (1976)
        • Family Folklore (1976)
        • Festival Stage (1976)
        • Native Americans (1976)
        • Old Ways in the New World (1976)
        • Regional America (1976)
        • Working Americans (1976)
      • 1975
        • African Diaspora (1975)
        • Children's Program (1975)
        • Family Folklore (1975)
        • Festival Stage (1975)
        • Native Americans (1975)
        • Old Ways in the New World (1975)
        • Regional America (1975)
        • Working Americans (1975)
      • 1974
        • African Diaspora (1974)
        • Children's Program (1974)
        • Family Folklore (1974)
        • Festival Stage (1974)
        • Native Americans (1974)
        • Old Ways in the New World (1974)
        • Regional America (1974)
        • Working Americans (1974)
      • 1973
        • Native Americans (1973)
        • Old Ways in the New World (1973)
        • Regional America (1973)
        • Working Americans (1973)
      • 1972
        • Maryland
        • Southwest Indians
        • Union Workers
      • 1971
        • Northwest Coast Indians
        • Ohio
        • Performances (1971)
      • 1970
        • Arkansas
        • Crafts (1970)
        • Performances (1970)
        • Southern Plains Indians
    • 1960s
      • 1969
        • Crafts (1969)
        • Pennsylvania
        • Performances (1969)
        • Toby Show
      • 1968
        • Crafts (1968)
        • Performances (1968)
        • Texas
      • 1967
        • Crafts (1967)
        • Performances (1967)
Browse By
exclamation_triangle

Explore the 2026 calendar and interactive story map to find events in your region!

close Dismiss
← STORIED OBJECTS / Orphan Tower
A rectangular plexiglass tower is covered by hundreds of small, colorful fabric dolls, each uniquely designed with fabric and beading.

<i>Photo by Zvonimir Bebek, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives</i>

Two sides are visible of a large, rectangular plexiglass tower standing over seven feet tall. Each side of the tower is covered with hundreds of small fabric dolls which are approximately four inches tall, each wearing a multicolored, printed fabric garment. Most of the doll faces are black, although there are a few that are brown, orange, or red, and there are a wide variety of hairstyles created with black yarn. The faces of the dolls are framed with small white beads, and each doll features white beaded eyes and a small red or white mouth.

Orphan Tower

The Orphan Tower draws you into the venue: a Plexiglas structure that extends more than seven feet towards the peak of the tent, enveloped by hundreds of handmade dolls each unique in its hairstyle, fabric dress, and decorative beadwork. And then you learn what they symbolize.

The power behind the “Orphan Tower”

This was made all the more poignant in the Common Threads tent, which was co-curated by the NAMES Project Foundation and the UCLA Art & Global Health Center. At the center was the “Orphan Tower,” made by the Siyazama (Zulu for “we are trying”) Project in South Africa, an organization developed in 1998 to work with women from the KwaZulu-Natal region. Its goals were to teach women market skills, inform them about HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention, and create a means to share information through traditional artistic skills and knowledge.

Gallery
  • Photos by Zvonimir Bebek, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives

Beauty Ndlovu and Lobolile Ximba came to the Festival to demonstrate doll making and beadwork. Visitors to the tent quickly learned that each of the 634 dolls on the tower represents a child who was orphaned because of AIDS in Dannhauser, KwaZulu-Natal. With a population of only 5,389 (2011), 634 dolls represent nearly one out of eight children—a staggering number made even more alarming through the use of a child-friendly object.

Gallery
  • The dolls were carefully mounted each morning and taken down at the end of the day. A simple system was devised to display the dolls by inserting a thumbtack on each back and slipping it into a slot cut into the Plexiglas.
    Photos by Carsten Schmidt and Zvonimir Bebek, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives

The Orphan Tower came into our possession after a derecho swept through the Festival grounds on June 29, 2012. The severe storm, with wind gusts measuring sixty to eighty miles per hour, destroyed tents, crushed tables, and sent the “Orphan Tower” with all its dolls into the mud. Even after borrowing office space in the Smithsonian Castle to lay out, clean, and dry the dolls with a fan, they could not be restored to their original likeness. The Center negotiated to acquire the dolls and the structure and reimbursed the UCLA Art & Global Health Center so that the women of Dannhauser could make another powerful teaching tool for their community.

—Arlene Reiniger, program curator

Beauty Ndlovu in the Common Threads tent.<br> <i>Photo by Walter Larrimore, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives</i>

  • Maker Name

    Beauty Ndlovu, Celani Noijeza, Tholiwe Sitole, Lobolile Ximba, Sbongile Ximba
  • Location

    Dannhauser Village, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
  • Festival Programs

    Creativity and Crisis
  • Medium

    Fabric, glass beads, thread, yarn, plastic

  • Dimensions

    4” x 1.5” each; overall: 87” H x 13” W

  • Catalog Number

    MCC 734. CFCH Purchase
  • Related Links

    “Cloth and Bead Children: Unpacking the Orphan Tower”
  • previous next

    Join our email list for the latest news from the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage

    Email powered by MailChimp ( Privacy Policy, Terms of Use )

    Support the Folklife Festival, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, Cultural Vitality Program, educational outreach, and more.
    Support Folklife. Donate Now.
    • 2026
      • Of the People
      • By the People
      • For the People
      • Spotlight Programs
      • For the Common Good
    • Visit
      • General Information
      • Festival 101
      • Map
      • Marketplace
      • Accessibility
      • FAQ
    • Learn
      • Festival Blog
      • Podcast
      • Festival Video
      • Storied Objects
      • Past Programs
    • Schedule
      • Event Calendar
      • D.C. Schedule
      • Livestream Events
      • Archived Events
    • Sponsors
      • Event Sponsors
      • Make a Donation
    • About Us
      • Mission & History
      • Staff
      • Press
      • Contact
      • Mailing List
      • Jobs & Internships
      • Volunteer

    • Smithsonian Institution
    • © 2026 Smithsonian Institution
      • Contact
      • Privacy
      • Terms of Use
      • Credits
    • Connect with us
    TOP