Kites take to the sky during Qing Ming. Photo courtesy of China News Agency
Ha Yiqi poses with one of his kites near his home in Beijing, 2014.
Photo by Josh Eli Cogan, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Ha Yiqi works on shaping the frame of a miniature kite, Beijing, 2014.
Photo by Sojin Kim, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Kite design by Ha Yiqi.
Photo by Josh Eli Cogan, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Zhang Wenzhi prepares one of his banyao whistle kites for flight, Nanton, Jiangsu Province, 2014.
Photo by and courtesy of Nick Spitzer
Detail of a kite by Zhang Wenzhi.
Photo by and courtesy of Nick Spitzer
Ha Yiqi and his kites.
Photo by Josh Eli Cogan, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Zhang Wenzhi holds up one of his banyao whistle kites, 2014.
Photo by and courtesy of Nick Spitzer
“Watching Father making kites, many things were deeply impressed in my mind unconsciously, like his posture when he cut bamboo or the way he spread colors over the pictures.” —Ha Yiqi, kite maker
In China today, kites are used for popular recreation and often considered fine art. Traditionally made from bamboo frames covered by paper and silk. Their designs and building styles vary from region to region. Swallow-shaped kites are popular in Beijing, while whistle-kites are associated with the city of Nantong in Jiangsu Province. Ever since kites were invented in China circa 220 BCE, they have been used for communication, to send military signals, measure distances, and even hold people aloft. By 900 CE, people had adapted kites for recreation such as flying kites to welcome the spring season during Qing Ming Festival.
FESTIVAL PARTICIPANTS
Ha Yiqi 哈亦琦 is a fourth-generation kite maker whose family has been making kites in Beijing since the late 1800s. A talented artist, Ha studied both Western and traditional Chinese-style painting and was hired in 1980 by the newly formed Beijing Kite Association. After twelve years there, he started his own kite design company. Through the years, Ha has been methodically working to document and recreate all 250 or so of his father and grandfather’s designs, which he plans to eventually donate to the government. In 2008, Ha kites were inscribed on the national list of intangible cultural heritage. To insure that the family tradition continues, Ha has taken his nephew, Ha Xin 哈歆,as an apprentice.
From the Festival
Ha Yiqi paints designs on a kite component.
Photo by Walter Larrimore, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Ha Yiqi flies one of his creations on the National Mall.
Photo by Kate Mankowski, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Ha Yiqi explains his work in the Teahouse Commons.
Photo by Bea Ugolini, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Close-up of Ha Yiqi’s artwork.
Photo by Pruitt Allen, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Ha Yiqi demonstrates how to paint Chinese kites.
Photo by Bea Ugolini, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Zhang Wenzhi 张文智 is a kite maker from Gangzha District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province. Growing up, he became interested in the craftsmanship of the region’s distinctive banyao (board snipe) whistle kite—large kites fitted with carved bamboo or gourd whistles that sound in the wind when carried aloft. After a career as a military pilot, he returned to Nantong and dedicated himself to researching banyao kites. For ten years, he visited and studied building techniques with local kite makers. Zhang promotes banyao kites through demonstrations, lectures, and by working to encourage kite-flying as a municipal activity.
From the Festival
Zhang Wenzhi applies paint to a kite.
Photo by Bea Ugolini, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Zhang Wenzhi prepares a kite for flying.
Photo by Francisco Guerra, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Zhang Wenzhi flies his design on the National Mall.
Photo by Francisco Guerra, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Zhang Wenzhi tests the wind conditions on the National Mall.
Photo by Brian Barger, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Zhang Wenzhi prepares a kite for flying.
Photo by Brian Barger, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Zhang Wenzhi prepares a kite for flying.
Photo by Hillary Cleary, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
